Ku ya 11 Ukuboza 2001, Ubushinwa bwinjiye mu muryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi.Iyi yari intambwe ikomeye mugikorwa cyo kuvugurura igihugu cyanjye no gufungura no kuvugurura imibereho myiza yabaturage.Mu myaka 20 ishize, Ubushinwa bwujuje byimazeyo ibyo WTO bwiyemeje kandi bukomeza kwagura ibikorwa byabwo, ibyo bikaba byaragize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’Ubushinwa ndetse binatangiza amazi y’isoko ry’ubukungu bw’isi.
Akamaro ko kwinjira mu Bushinwa mu muryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi
Kwinjira mu Muryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi byahinduye cyane umubano hagati y’igihugu cyacu na gahunda y’ubukungu bw’isi, bituma igihugu cyacu kigira uruhare runini ku nyungu zacyo zigereranywa, kugira uruhare runini mu igabana mpuzamahanga ry’imirimo, kandi ryihuta cyane mu bucuruzi bukomeye ku isi; n'igihugu cy'ishoramari;guha igihugu cyanjye uruhare mu miyoborere y’ubukungu bw’isi Hamwe n’ibihe byiza, igihugu cyanjye gikomeje kwiyongera;ryateje imbere cyane ivugurura rya gahunda y’ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu, ryongera imbaraga z’abakinnyi ku isoko, kandi rirekura ubushobozi bw’iterambere ry’ubukungu.
Yateje imbere igihugu cyanjye muri gahunda yubukungu bwisi.Nyuma yo kwinjira mu muryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi, igihugu cyanjye gishobora kubona uburenganzira bw’umunyamuryango w’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi kandi kikishimira cyane ibisubizo by’inzego z’ubwisanzure no korohereza ubucuruzi n’ishoramari mpuzamahanga.Ibi byatumye Ubushinwa bugira uruhare runini mu mucyo, mu mucyo no mu bihugu by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi, kandi abashoramari bo mu gihugu ndetse n’abanyamahanga bongereye cyane icyizere cy’uko Ubushinwa bugira uruhare mu kugabana imirimo mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi.Dutanga umukino wuzuye kubwinyungu zacu bwite, twinjiza cyane mubice byisi byimirimo, kandi dukomeza kunoza imyanya yacu muri gahunda yubukungu bwisi.Mu myaka 20 ishize, ubukungu bw’igihugu cyanjye bwazamutse buva ku mwanya wa gatandatu bugera ku wa kabiri ku isi, ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa bwazamutse buva ku mwanya wa gatandatu bugera ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, naho ubucuruzi muri serivisi bwazamutse buva ku mwanya wa cumi bugera ku wa kabiri ku isi, no gukoresha cy'ishoramari ry'amahanga ryagiye ryiyongera.Ubushinwa buza ku mwanya wa mbere, hamwe n’ishoramari ritaziguye ry’amahanga ryazamutse kuva ku mwanya wa 26 ku isi rikagera ku mwanya wa mbere.
Menya iterambere ryimikorere yo kuvugurura no gufungura.Inzira yo kwinjira mumyaka 15 mumishyikirano ya WTO / WTO nayo ni inzira yigihugu cyanjye gikomeje kunoza ivugurura.Ni ukubera ko gukomeza kunoza ivugurura dushobora gusubiza neza ingaruka zo gufungura isoko no guhindura igitutu cyo gufungura mubuzima bwisoko no kongera ihiganwa mpuzamahanga.Nyuma yo kwinjira mu muryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi, igihugu cyanjye cyubahirije byimazeyo kandi kigashyira mu bikorwa amategeko y’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi, kandi cyibanda ku kubaka no kunoza amategeko y’ubukungu bw’isoko n’amabwiriza yubahiriza amategeko y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi mu bihugu byinshi, byashishikarije ubuzima bw’isoko. na sosiyete.igihugu cyanjye cyakuyeho inzitizi zitari amahoro kandi kigabanya cyane urwego rwibiciro.Urwego rusange rw'ibiciro rwamanutse ruva kuri 15.3% rugera kuri 7.4%, ibyo bikaba biri munsi ya 9.8%.Urwego rwo guhatanira isoko ryimbere mu gihugu rwateye imbere cyane.Turashobora kuvuga ko kwinjira mu Muryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi ari ikibazo cyambere cyo guteza imbere ivugurura no gufungura mu gihugu cyacu.
Yafunguye page nshya kugirango igihugu cyanjye kigire uruhare mu miyoborere yubukungu bwisi.Mu myaka 20 ishize, igihugu cyanjye cyagize uruhare runini mu ivugurura rya gahunda y’imiyoborere y’ubukungu ku isi no gushyiraho amategeko.Yagize uruhare rugaragara mu biganiro bya Doha kandi atanga umusanzu w'ingenzi mu gutsinda imishyikirano yo kwagura “Amasezerano yo Korohereza Ubucuruzi” na “Amasezerano y'Ikoranabuhanga.”Nyuma y’imishyikirano yo kwinjira mu muryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi ahanini yarangiye, igihugu cyanjye cyahise gitangiza gahunda z’ubucuruzi mu karere.Ugushyingo 2000, igihugu cyanjye cyatangije ishyirwaho ry’ubucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa-ASEAN.Mu mpera za 2020, igihugu cyanjye cyasinyanye amasezerano n’ubucuruzi 19 ku buntu n’ibihugu 26.Muri 2013, gahunda ya “Umuhanda umwe umwe” wasabwe na Perezida Xi Jinping yakiriye ibisubizo byiza biturutse mu bihugu birenga 170 ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga.igihugu cyanjye nacyo cyagize uruhare runini mu miyoborere y’ubukungu ku isi nka G20, kandi gitanga gahunda y’Ubushinwa yo kuvugurura Umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi.igihugu cyanjye cyiyemeje guteza imbere iyubakwa ry’ubukungu bw’isi ku rwego rw’ibihugu byinshi, uturere ndetse n’ibihugu byombi, kandi umwanya wacyo muri gahunda y’imiyoborere y’ubukungu ku isi ukomeje kwiyongera.
Kwinjira mu Bushinwa mu Muryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi byanateje imbere gahunda y’ubukungu bw’isi.Hatabayeho uruhare rw’abashinwa barenga miliyari 1.4, Umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi ntiwaba wuzuye.Ubushinwa bumaze kwinjira mu muryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi, gukwirakwiza amategeko y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi by’ibihugu byinshi byaraguwe cyane, kandi urwego rwogutanga inganda ku isi rwuzuye.Uruhare rw'Ubushinwa mu kuzamuka mu bukungu ku isi rugeze kuri 30% mu myaka myinshi ishize.Birashobora kugaragara ko kwinjira mu Bushinwa mu Muryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi nabyo ari intambwe ikomeye mu nzira y’ubukungu bw’isi.
Inararibonye no Kumurikirwa Kwinjira mu Muryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi
Buri gihe ujye wubahiriza ubuyobozi bukomeye bwishyaka kubitera gufungura, kandi utere imbere hamwe nigihe cyo kunoza ingamba zo gufungura.Impamvu y'ibanze ituma igihugu cyanjye gishobora gushaka inyungu no kwirinda ibibi mu nzira y’ubukungu bw’isi yose ni uko buri gihe cyubahirije ubuyobozi bukomeye bw’ishyaka bugamije gufungura.Mu gihe cy'imishyikirano yo kwinjira muri WTO, Komite Nkuru y'Ishyaka yasuzumye uko ibintu bimeze, ifata ibyemezo bikomeye, gutsinda inzitizi, maze byumvikana.Nyuma yo kwinjira mu muryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi, tuyobowe na komite nkuru y’ishyaka, twasohoje ibyo twasezeranije, tunonosora ivugurura, tunagera ku iterambere ry’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi.Isi muri iki gihe irimo guhinduka gukomeye kutagaragara mu kinyejana, kandi kuvugurura gukomeye kwigihugu cyUbushinwa biri mubihe bikomeye.Tugomba gukurikiza ubuyobozi bw'ishyaka, tugashyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gufungura ingamba, tugakomeza kunoza urwego rwo gufungura, kandi tugakomeza gushimangira ibyiza by’igihugu cyacu mu bufatanye n’ubukungu mpuzamahanga no guhatana.
Gushyira mu bikorwa igitekerezo cyo kwiteza imbere no gutsimbarara mu kwaguka gukingura.Umunyamabanga mukuru Xi Jinping yagize ati: “Gufungura bizana iterambere, kandi byanze bikunze gufunga bizasubira inyuma.”Kuva ivugurura no gufungura, cyane cyane nyuma yo kwinjira mu Muryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi, igihugu cyanjye cyasobanukiwe neza n’igihe cy’amahirwe, gitanga uruhare runini ku kigereranyo cyacyo, cyongera imbaraga z’igihugu muri rusange, kandi cyongera uruhare runini ku isi..Gufungura niyo nzira yonyine yiterambere ryigihugu.Komite Nkuru y'Ishyaka hamwe na Mugenzi Xi Jinping yibanze ku iterambere rifunguye nk'igice cy'ingenzi mu myumvire mishya y'iterambere, kandi umwanya n'uruhare rwo gufungura mu ishyaka n'igihugu byarushijeho kuba byiza.Mu rugendo rushya rwo kubaka igihugu cya gisosiyalisiti kigezweho muburyo bwose, tugomba gutsimbarara ku gufungura no kongera urwego rwo gufungura twizeye kandi tubizi.
Shiraho byimazeyo amategeko kandi ushimangire guteza imbere gufungura ibigo.Nyuma yo kwinjira mu muryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi, igihugu cyanjye cyubaha cyane amategeko y’umuryango w’ubucuruzi ku isi kandi cyuzuza byimazeyo ibyo WTO yiyemeje.Ibihugu bimwe bikomeye birenga amategeko yimbere mu gihugu hejuru y amategeko mpuzamahanga, yubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga niba yemeye, kandi akandagira niba atabyemeye.Ibi ntibitesha agaciro gusa amategeko menshi, ariko amaherezo bizangiza ubukungu bwisi ndetse nubwayo.Nk’igihugu kinini gitera imbere n’ubukungu bwa kabiri ku isi, igihugu cyanjye cyagaragaje inshingano zacyo nkigihugu gikomeye, gifata iyambere nkubahiriza, kirengera, kandi cyubaka amategeko y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu byinshi, agira uruhare rugaragara mu ivugurura rya gahunda y’imiyoborere y’ubukungu ku isi, no kugira uruhare mu Bushinwa mu kuvugurura no kunoza amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi.gahunda.Muri icyo gihe, tuzakomeza guteza imbere gufungura inzego no kwihutisha iyubakwa rya sisitemu nshya y’ubukungu bwuguruye.
Shiraho uburyo bushya bwo gufungura hanze yisi nini nini, umurima mugari, nurwego rwimbitse
Kugeza ubu, ikinyejana cyimpinduka gifatanije nicyorezo cyikinyejana, imiterere mpuzamahanga iratera imbere cyane, impinduramatwara mishya yikoranabuhanga iratera imbere cyane, impinduka zicyatsi na karubone zirihuta, guhindura imiyoborere yubukungu bwisi yose irihuta, kandi urugamba rwo kuganza ubutegetsi rwabaye rwinshi.inyungu zanjye zigereranya igihugu cyanjye zahindutse cyane, kandi birakenewe ko dukoresha neza umutungo woguhanga udushya ndetse n’amahanga kugirango habeho inyungu nshya zo kwitabira ubufatanye n’amarushanwa mpuzamahanga.Guhura n'ibibazo bishya n'imirimo mishya, tugomba guhora twubahiriza ubuyobozi bukomatanyije kandi bwunze ubumwe bwa komite nkuru y’ishyaka hamwe na Mugenzi Xi Jinping, tugashyira mu bikorwa byimazeyo ibitekerezo bya Xi Jinping kubyerekeye ubusosiyalisiti hamwe n’ibiranga Ubushinwa mu bihe bishya, kandi tukaba beza kuri kurera amahirwe mubibazo, gufungura ibintu bishya hagati yimpinduka, no guteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo gufungura hanze yisi nini nini, umurima mugari, kandi urwego rwimbitse ruzashyirwaho.
Guhora utezimbere urwego rwo gufungura mukubaka uburyo bushya bwiterambere.Kugira ngo hubakwe uburyo bushya bwiterambere, birakenewe ko dutera imbere icyarimwe iterambere ryimbitse no gufungura, no kumenya guhuza no guteza imbere ivugurura no gufungura.Kurikiza ivugurura ryuburyo bwo gutanga umurongo nkumurongo wingenzi, kandi utezimbere tekinoloji yo kwigira no kwigira.Wibande ku kuvugurura ubuyobozi, ubuyobozi na serivisi, komeza utezimbere ubucuruzi, kubaka isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, no kuzamura ubukungu.Kuyoborwa no gufungura ku rwego rwo hejuru, gushimangira itangizwa ry’ishoramari n’ikoranabuhanga n’impano, guhuza umutungo w’udushya ku isi, guteza imbere guhuza inyungu z’Abashinwa n’amahanga, guca ibintu bya tekiniki no gukumira Ubushinwa, gukemura ikibazo cy '“ijosi ryiziritse” muri urwego rwo gutanga, kuzamura imbaraga zurwego rwinganda, no kugera kumuzenguruko w'imbere no hanze biteza imbere murwego rwo hejuru.
Itoze ibyiza bishya mubufatanye mpuzamahanga no kurushanwa.Sobanukirwa neza amahirwe yibikorwa byazanywe no guhindura imibare no guhindura icyatsi na karuboni nkeya, kandi wihutishe ishyirwaho ryinyungu nshya zo guhatanira amasoko mugihugu cyanjye kigenda gitera imbere.Gutezimbere inganda gakondo hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryamakuru, guhindura inganda zikora cyane hamwe nubukorikori bwubwenge, no gukomeza guhangana kurwego mpuzamahanga mubicuruzwa gakondo byoherezwa mu mahanga.Kwagura gufungura inganda za serivisi no guteza imbere cyane ubucuruzi bwa serivise.Gushimangira kurengera uburenganzira bwumutungo wubwenge no kuzamura ihiganwa mpuzamahanga ryinganda n’inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga.Shyigikira ibigo "kujya kwisi" kugirango bihuze amasoko abiri nubutunzi bubiri kugirango hashyizweho sosiyete mpuzamahanga iterwa inkunga nabashinwa hamwe nubushobozi mpuzamahanga bwo guhangana.
Kubaka uburyo bushya bwubukungu bwuguruye kurwanya urwego mpuzamahanga rwo hejuru mubukungu nubucuruzi.Sobanukirwa neza imigendekere yubukungu bwubukungu bwisi yose, kandi ukomeze guteza imbere ubucuruzi nishoramari no kwishyira ukizana hubahirijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga yo mubukungu n’ubucuruzi byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gukomeza guteza imbere ubucuruzi, no kuzamura umutekano, gukorera mu mucyo no guhanura ubukungu bw’amahanga kandi politiki y’ubucuruzi.Tanga umukino wuzuye kubucuruzi bwubucuruzi bwubusa (icyambu cyubucuruzi bwubuntu), utezimbere cyane urwego rwo hejuru rwo gufungura ibibazo, ushishoze neza uburyo bwo kugenzura neza amakuru yambukiranya imipaka, kandi uvuge muri make uburambe mugihe gikwiye, wandukure kandi utezimbere ni.Gutezimbere uburyo bunoze kandi buhujwe na serivise yo gucunga ishoramari ryamahanga kugirango urinde neza inyungu zamahanga.
Gutezimbere ibidukikije byiza byubukungu nubucuruzi.Gutsimbataza cyane impano zo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi, guhanga udushya n’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, no gushimangira ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho ingingo, ibiganiro by’amahanga, n’itumanaho mpuzamahanga.Kunoza ubushobozi bwitumanaho mpuzamahanga no kuvuga inkuru zishinwa neza.Kugira uruhare rugaragara mu ivugurura rya gahunda y’imiyoborere y’ubukungu ku isi, ukomeze gushimangira ubutware bw’ibihugu byinshi, dufatanyirize hamwe ivugurura ry’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubucuruzi, kandi ugire uruhare rugaragara mu biganiro by’amategeko mpuzamahanga y’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi.Gutezimbere ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu iterambere, gushimangira iterambere ryujuje ubuziranenge “Umukandara n’umuhanda”, kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye 2030 igamije iterambere rirambye, no guteza imbere kubaka umuryango ufite ejo hazaza heza h’abantu.
(Umwanditsi Long Guoqiang ni umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi mu iterambere mu Nama ya Leta)
Umwanditsi ushinzwe: Wang Su
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-16-2021