Kuva mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, ikibazo cyo gucika intege mu nganda mpuzamahanga zo gutwara abantu cyagaragaye cyane.Ibinyamakuru birasanzwe mubibazo byimodoka.Ibiciro byo kohereza byazamutse kandi biri murwego rwo hejuru.Ingaruka mbi kumashyaka yose yagiye igaragara buhoro buhoro.
Ibintu bikunze guhagarikwa no gutinda
Nko muri Werurwe na Mata uyu mwaka, guhagarika umuyoboro wa Suez byatumye abantu batekereza ku bijyanye no gutanga ibikoresho ku isi.Ariko rero, kuva ico gihe, ibintu bitwara imizigo, gufungirwa ku byambu, no gutinda kw'ibicuruzwa bikomeje kugaragara kenshi.
Raporo y’ivunjisha ry’amazi yo mu majyepfo ya Kaliforuniya yo ku ya 28 Kanama, ivuga ko amato ya kontineri 72 yose yahujwe ku byambu bya Los Angeles na Long Beach mu munsi umwe, arenga ku byahozeho 70;Amato ya kontineri 44 yometse ku nkombe, muri zo 9 zari mu gace ka Drifting nazo zahinduye amateka yabanjirije amato 40;amato yose hamwe 124 yubwoko butandukanye yashizwe ku cyambu, kandi umubare wubwato bwatwarwaga kuri ankage bwageze ku rutonde 71. Impamvu nyamukuru zitera uyu mubare ni ikibazo cy’ibura ry’umurimo, ihungabana rishingiye ku cyorezo no kwiyongera mu kugura ibiruhuko.Ibyambu bya Californiya i Los Angeles na Long Beach bifite hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibicuruzwa biva muri Amerika.Dukurikije amakuru yaturutse ku cyambu cya Los Angeles, igihe cyo gutegereza ayo mato cyiyongereye kugera ku minsi 7,6.
Umuyobozi mukuru w’inyanja ya Californiya y’amajyepfo, Kip Ludit yavuze ko muri Nyakanga yavuze ko umubare usanzwe w’amato ya kontineri ari kuri zeru.Lutit yagize ati: “Aya mato yikubye kabiri cyangwa gatatu ubunini bw'ayabonetse mu myaka 10 cyangwa 15 ishize.Bafata igihe kinini cyo gupakurura, bakeneye kandi amakamyo menshi, gari ya moshi nyinshi, nibindi byinshi.Ububiko bwinshi bwo gupakira. ”
Kuva Amerika yatangira ibikorwa byubukungu muri Nyakanga umwaka ushize, ingaruka zo gutwara ubwato bwa kontineri zagaragaye.Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Bloomberg News kibitangaza ngo uyu mwaka ubucuruzi bw’Amerika n'Ubushinwa burahuze cyane, kandi abadandaza baragura mbere yo gusuhuza iminsi mikuru y’Amerika ndetse n’icyumweru cy’izahabu mu Bushinwa mu Kwakira, kikaba cyarushijeho kwiyongera mu bwikorezi.
Dukurikije amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara n’isosiyete y’ubushakashatsi yo muri Amerika yitwa Descartes Datamyne, avuga ko ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja biva muri Aziya bijya muri Amerika muri Nyakanga byiyongereyeho 10,6% umwaka ushize bigera kuri 1.718.600 (ubarwa mu bikoresho bya metero 20), bikaba byari hejuru yibyo y'umwaka ubanza amezi 13 akurikirana.Ukwezi kwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Kubabazwa n’imvura idasanzwe yatewe na serwakira Ada, Ubuyobozi bwa Port Orleans Nshya bwahatiwe guhagarika kontineri yabyo ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwo gutwara imizigo myinshi.Abacuruzi b’ibicuruzwa by’ubuhinzi bahagaritse ibikorwa byo kohereza hanze kandi bafunga byibuze uruganda rumwe rwa soya.
Mu ntangiriro z'iki cyi, White House yatangaje ko hashyizweho itsinda rishinzwe guhagarika amasoko kugira ngo rifashe kugabanya inzitizi no kugemura.Ku ya 30 Kanama, White House na Minisiteri ishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Amerika bashyizeho John Bockarie nk'intumwa idasanzwe ku cyambu cya Task Chain Interruption Task Force.Azakorana n’umunyamabanga ushinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu Pete Buttigieg hamwe n’inama y’ubukungu y’igihugu kugira ngo bakemure ikibazo cy’ibirarane, ubukererwe bw’ibicuruzwa n’ibura ry’ibicuruzwa abahura n’abashoramari bo muri Amerika bahura nabyo.
Muri Aziya, Bona Senivasan S, perezida wa Sosiyete ya Gokaldas yohereza mu mahanga, umwe mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Buhinde, yavuze ko izamuka ry’ibiciro bitatu bya kontineri ndetse n’ibura ryatumye ibicuruzwa bitinda.Kamal Nandi, umuyobozi w’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’umuguzi w’amashanyarazi, yavuze ko ibyinshi muri ibyo bikoresho byimuriwe muri Amerika no mu Burayi, kandi ko hari ibikoresho bike byo mu Buhinde.Abayobozi b'inganda bavuze ko uko ibura rya kontineri rigeze ku rwego rwo hejuru, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bishobora kugabanuka muri Kanama.Bavuze ko muri Nyakanga, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu cyayi, ikawa, umuceri, itabi, ibirungo, imbuto za cashew, inyama, ibikomoka ku mata, ibikomoka ku nkoko ndetse n’amabuye y'icyuma byagabanutse.
Ubwiyongere bukabije bwibicuruzwa byabaguzi muburayi nabwo bwongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa.Icyambu kinini cya Rotterdam, cyagombaga kurwanya ubukana muriyi mpeshyi.Mu Bwongereza, ibura ry'abashoferi b'amakamyo ryateje icyuho ku byambu no mu masangano ya gari ya moshi yo mu gihugu, bituma ububiko bumwe na bumwe bwanga gutanga kontineri nshya kugeza igihe ibirarane bigabanutse.
Byongeye kandi, icyorezo cy’icyorezo mu bakozi bapakira no gupakurura ibintu byatumye ibyambu bimwe bifunga by'agateganyo cyangwa bigabanuka.
Igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa gikomeza kuba hejuru
Ikibazo cyo guhagarika ubwikorezi no gufungwa byerekana uko ibintu byifashe bitewe no kongera gukenerwa, ingamba zo kurwanya icyorezo, kugabanuka kwimikorere yicyambu, no kugabanuka kwimikorere, hamwe no kwiyongera kwifungwa ryubwato ryatewe na tifuni, itangwa nibisabwa. amato akunda gukomera.
Ingaruka zibi, ibiciro byinzira zose zubucuruzi byazamutse cyane.Dukurikije amakuru yaturutse muri Xeneta akurikirana igipimo cy’imizigo, ikiguzi cyo kohereza kontineri isanzwe ya metero 40 kuva mu burasirazuba bwa kure kugera mu Burayi bw’Amajyaruguru yazamutse kuva ku madorari 2000 y’Amerika kugeza ku madolari 13.607 mu cyumweru gishize;igiciro cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu burasirazuba bwa kure kugera ku byambu bya Mediterane byazamutse biva ku madolari ya Amerika 1913 bigera ku madolari 12.715.Amadolari y'Abanyamerika;ikigereranyo cyo gutwara ibintu biva mu Bushinwa kugera ku nkombe y’iburengerazuba bwa Amerika cyiyongereye kiva ku madolari 3.350 y’umwaka ushize kigera ku madolari 7.574;ubwikorezi buva mu burasirazuba bwa kure bugana ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika y'Epfo bwiyongereye buva ku madorari 1.794 y'umwaka ushize bugera ku madolari 11,594.
Ibura ryabatwara ibintu byumye nabyo bikunda kuramba.Ku ya 26 Kanama, amafaranga y’amasezerano ya Cape ya Byiringiro ku batwara ibintu byinshi byumye yari hejuru y’amadolari ya Amerika 50.100, akaba yarikubye inshuro 2.5 ayo mu ntangiriro za Kamena.Amafaranga ya charter yubwato bunini bwumye butwara amabuye yicyuma nibindi bikoresho byazamutse vuba, bigera hejuru mumyaka 11.Igipimo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa bya Baltique (1000 muri 1985), cyerekana neza isoko ry’abatwara ibicuruzwa byumye, cyari amanota 4195 ku ya 26 Kanama, urwego rwo hejuru kuva muri Gicurasi 2010.
Ubwiyongere bw'imizigo yubwato bwa kontineri bwazamuye ibicuruzwa bya kontineri.
Imibare yaturutse mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’Abongereza Clarkson yerekanye ko umubare w’ubwubatsi bwa kontineri mu gice cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka ari 317, urwego rwo hejuru kuva mu gice cya mbere cya 2005, rwiyongera inshuro 11 mu gihe kimwe n’umwaka ushize.
Ibikenerwa ku mato ya kontineri ava mu masosiyete manini yohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi nabyo ni byinshi cyane.Ingano yo gutumiza mugice cya mbere cya 2021 igeze kurwego rwa kabiri-murwego rwo hejuru mumateka yigice cyumwaka.
Ubwiyongere bwibicuruzwa byubaka byazamuye igiciro cyubwato bwa kontineri.Muri Mukakaro, kontineri ya Clarkson yerekana ibiciro byubaka byari 89.9 (100 muri Mutarama 1997), umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho amanota 12.7 ku ijana, ugera hejuru yimyaka hafi icyenda nigice.
Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe n’ivunjisha rya Shanghai, igipimo cy’imizigo kuri kontineri zifite metero 20 zoherejwe kuva i Shanghai mu Burayi mu mpera za Nyakanga cyari US $ 7.395, umwaka ushize kikaba cyiyongereyeho 8.2;Ibikoresho bya metero 40 byoherejwe ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika byari US $ 10.100 buri umwe, kuva mu 2009 Ku nshuro ya mbere kuva imibare iboneka, ikimenyetso cy’amadorari y'Abanyamerika cyarenze;hagati muri Kanama, imizigo ya kontineri ijya mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika yazamutse igera ku madorari 5.744 (metero 40), yiyongeraho 43% guhera mu ntangiriro z'umwaka.
Amasosiyete akomeye y’ubwikorezi mu Buyapani nka Nippon Yusen, yahanuye mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari ko “ibiciro by’imizigo bizatangira kugabanuka kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nyakanga.”Ariko mubyukuri, kubera ibikenerwa bikenerwa n’imizigo hamwe n’akajagari k’ibyambu, ubushobozi bw’ubwikorezi budahagarara, hamwe n’ibiciro by’imizigo byiyongera cyane, amasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa yazamuye cyane ibyo yari yitezeho mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2021 (kugeza muri Werurwe 2022) kandi biteganijwe ko azinjiza menshi. mu mateka.
Ingaruka mbi nyinshi ziragaragara
Ingaruka zamashyaka menshi ziterwa nubwikorezi bwubwikorezi hamwe nubwiyongere bwibicuruzwa bizagenda bigaragara.
Gutinda gutanga no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro bigira ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwa buri munsi.Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, resitora yo mu Bwongereza ya McDonald yakuyeho amata n’ibinyobwa bimwe na bimwe byacupa kuri menu maze bituma urunigi rw’inkoko rwa Nandu rufunga by'agateganyo amaduka 50.
Urebye ingaruka ku biciro, ikinyamakuru Time cyizera ko kubera ko ibicuruzwa birenga 80% bitwarwa n’inyanja, ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa bikabije bibangamira ibiciro bya byose kuva ibikinisho, ibikoresho byo mu nzu n'ibice by'imodoka kugeza ikawa, isukari na anchoies.Impungenge zikabije zijyanye no kwihutisha ifaranga ryisi.
Ishyirahamwe ry’ibikinisho ryatangaje mu itangazamakuru ryo muri Amerika ko ihungabana ry’ibicuruzwa ari ibintu bibi kuri buri cyiciro cy’abaguzi.Ati: “Isosiyete ikora ibikinisho ifite ikibazo cyo kwiyongera kwa 300% kugeza kuri 700% ku giciro cy’imizigo… Kugera kuri kontineri n'umwanya bizatwara amafaranga menshi y’inyongera.Mugihe ibirori byegereje, abadandaza bazahura n’ibura kandi abaguzi bazahura n’ibiciro byinshi. ”
Kubihugu bimwe, ibikoresho byoherezwa nabi bigira ingaruka mbi kubyoherezwa hanze.Vinod Kaur, umuyobozi mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ryohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Buhinde, yavuze ko mu mezi atatu ya mbere y’umwaka w’ingengo y’imari 2022, umuceri wa basmati woherezwa mu mahanga wagabanutseho 17%.
Ku masosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa, uko igiciro cyibyuma kizamuka, ibiciro byo kubaka ubwato nabyo biriyongera, bishobora kugabanya inyungu zamasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa bitumiza amato ahenze cyane.
Abasesenguzi b'inganda bemeza ko hari ikibazo cyo kugabanuka ku isoko igihe amato yarangiye agashyirwa ku isoko kuva mu 2023 kugeza mu wa 2024. Abantu bamwe batangiye guhangayikishwa n'uko hazabaho amafaranga arenga ku mato mashya yatumijwe mu gihe arimo. shyira mubikorwa mumyaka 2 kugeza kuri 3.Nao Umemura, umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe imari muri sosiyete itwara abantu mu Buyapani itwara ibicuruzwa Merchant Marine Mitsui, yagize ati: “Mvugishije ukuri, ndashidikanya niba icyifuzo cy’imizigo kizaza gishobora gukomeza.”
Yomasa Goto, umushakashatsi mu kigo cy’Ubuyapani Maritime Centre, yasesenguye agira ati: “Mu gihe amabwiriza mashya akomeje kugaragara, amasosiyete azi ingaruka.”Mu rwego rwo gushora imari mu gisekuru gishya cy’amato ya peteroli yo gutwara gaze gasanzwe na hydrogène, kwangirika kw'isoko no kuzamuka kw'ibiciro bizahinduka ingaruka.
Raporo y’ubushakashatsi bwa UBS yerekana ko biteganijwe ko ubwinshi bw’ibyambu buzakomeza kugeza mu 2022. Raporo zashyizwe ahagaragara n’ibikorwa bya serivisi z’imari Citigroup hamwe n’ishami ry’ubukungu ryita ku bukungu byerekana ko ibyo bibazo bifite imizi kandi ko bidashoboka ko bishira vuba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-18-2021